Tuesday, March 03, 2009

Christianna Brand, Death of Jezebel (1949)

在经历四本长篇的铺垫之后,作者的最高作终于出场了!绝对的五颗星不可能犯罪!从诡计到布局,从气氛渲染到人物塑造,无一输给Carr。事实上这本书的题献给Clairborn McD. Carr,不知道和John Dickson Carr是什么关系?(Carr的太太应该是叫Clarice Carr。)

介绍本书之前必须要先介绍一下题目中的Jezebel,不然无法很好地理解书中的诡计和气氛渲染。Jezebel是圣经旧约中古以色列的一个女王,当时以色列分为南北两个部分,她是北方王国的女王。在她的统治下北方王国的臣民过着放荡荒淫的生活。她作威作福了一阵,最后的下场却相当悲惨,儿子被杀,自己也被阉臣扔出窗外,尸体被狗吃掉,只剩头颅和手脚。今天Jezebel已成了淫荡坏女人的代名词。

本书开头照例有演员表。其中Johny Wise在序章里面就死掉了,3个责任人(Isabel Drew、Earl Anderson、Perpetua Kirk)接连收到死亡恐吓信,另外尚有主角4人(Edgar Port、Brian Bryan、George Exmouth、Susan Betchley),共计7人。7人后来死掉了2人,只剩5人,也就是说凶手是5选1,可还是相当地难猜。这也是Brand擅长的一点:在嫌犯数目很少的情况下还能够玩出很多的转折和花样。这一点在Cat and Mouse里面有更强的体现,那是后话。

现在来介绍凶案发生的场景。凶案发生在一个两层的舞台上,无论是要到舞台的上层还是下层,都必须要经过后台。后台只有一扇门通向外面,一直由Susan Betchley从外侧看守,内侧上闩。舞台下层有一群铠甲骑士,披着不同颜色的斗篷,各自戴着面罩,因此看不出谁是谁。事先的安排是Brian白骑士、George蓝骑士、Earl红骑士,Isabel则在上层阳台。后台有一副空的铠甲。

在演出进行到一半的时候,Isabel在众目睽睽之下,突然从上层坠落,触地身亡(知道为什么要介绍Jezebel的背景了吧——模仿杀人!)。当时舞台上左边是蓝骑士,右边是红骑士。白骑士的马受惊带他跑回了后台。红骑士下马检视尸体,发现Isabel已死,惶恐之下摇摇晃晃地退回后台。过一会儿白骑士Brian打开后台连接外面的门,和Susan Betchley回到舞台上,Brian把自己的白斗篷轻轻盖在Isabel身上。Inspector Cockrill作为观众目睹了这一切。

警官Cockrill和Charlesworth检查尸体,发现尸体上有两根5尺长的绳圈,而从下层到上层阳台约有15尺长。死者被人用手而不是绳圈勒死。死者身上有一块吊坠,还有一封信,上面写着一首诗,大意是说“这个小礼物来自左边的神秘骑士”(the Mystery Knight upon the left)。

红骑士Earl不见踪影。Perpetua Kirk被人绑在一个换衣间里,众人把她解救出来。她说自己被一个穿白色斗篷的人袭击,因为Brian穿的是白色斗篷,而袭击她的那人声音很像Brian,所以她指控Brian。Brian矢口否认,并声称任何人只要把斗篷的衬里翻出来都是白色的。

[SPOILER +/-] Charlesworth判断Earl Anderson为凶手并解释手法

红骑士Earl给Isabel留下吊坠和信,引诱她往外面看,用绳圈把她拉下来,然后伺机靠近她把她掐死。诗里的"the left"其实为"thy left",就是“你的左边”。Isabel面向观众,她的左边是舞台的右边,而右边正是红骑士。

没想到接下来Perpetua收到一个包裹,里面是Earl的人头!

Cockrill收到Fran打来的电话(Fran是Heads You Lose里面的那个漂亮女孩,现在已经当妈妈了,汗……),提供线索说听到一个人打电话约Earl出来。也就是说,表演的时候Earl不在舞台上,那么舞台上的红骑士到底是谁?Fran看到打电话那人身穿雨衣,Brian倒是一天到晚都穿雨衣,但是那天下雨,别人也有可能穿雨衣。

George证实在演出开始前看到盔甲面具里白骑士和红骑士的眼睛,其中红骑士的眼睛是棕色的。Edgar Port的眼睛是棕色的,并且只有他能买的起昂贵的吊坠,因此George和Susan合起来指控Edgar先杀死了Earl,再冒充Earl为红骑士杀死了Isabel,方法同前。Edgar Port反咬一口,指控George和Susan合谋杀死了Isabel。

[SPOILER +/-] Edgar指控George和Susan为凶手并解释手法

Susan在演出表演前掐死Isabel,把尸体靠在阳台上,然后退出后台。Edgar把门从里闩上,到舞台上用绳子把Isabel拉下来。

Brian却推翻了这一假说。Edgar在指控过程中暴露了自己知晓诗的内容,可是警方从来没有公布过诗的内容,因此Edgar是送挂坠、写诗的人。

接下来情节有了戏剧性的发展。George、Edgar、Perpetua和Brian分别主动坦白自己是红骑士。Edgar说演出前收到Earl的电报说有事不能来,让自己替他出场。Brian则给出了自己冒充红骑士杀人的手法。

[SPOILER +/-] Brian提出的巧妙手法

Brian把一副空铠甲穿上白斗篷,系在马上装扮成自己,自己则穿上红斗篷变身为红骑士。他用绳子把Isabel拉下来,假装过去检视的时候把Isabel掐死。之后他假装受惊吓退到后台,去除红斗篷,换回白斗篷,打开后台的门,以白骑士的身份和Susan一起回到舞台。

Cockrill推翻了这一手法,因为他一直看到Brian在白骑士的盔甲里(虽然看不见脸,但是能看到面罩里的眼睛),不可能冒充红骑士。

各人的证词接连被推翻,接下来到了Cockrill揭露真凶的时候了。照例由Cockrill先来一个假指控。

[SPOILER +/-] Cockrill的精妙假指控

凶手是Perpetua Kirk。她上楼掐死Isabel,表演一半时把Isabel从阳台上推下去,自己跑下楼到后台,藏在空铠甲里,之后假装遭坏人绑架关进换衣间。

[SPOILER +/-] 真凶的惊天诡计

凶手是Brian。他把一副空铠甲绑在马上冒充为白骑士,自己则上楼掐死Isabel,之后对着白骑士的马扔下尸体,让马受惊跑回后台,自己下楼回到后台,穿上盔甲,披上白斗篷,打开后台的门和Susan一起回到舞台上。他为Isabel的尸体披上白斗篷,是为了把系盔甲的绳圈系在Isabel身上。他总是穿着雨衣,是为了能够方便地隐藏人头。

问题是George和Cockrill怎么会在空的铠甲里看到人的眼睛呢?——那是因为,Brian在里面放了Earl的人头!

史上最强无头尸诡计。

Brian的作案动机是替双胞胎兄弟Johny Wise报仇。他的真名是Briant Wise,连起来读就成了Brian Twice,再变形就成了Brian Bryan。

最终所有的线索都得到了完美的解决。本书有诸多值得玩味之处,只粗读一遍很难全部领会,甚至可能会漏过作者的一些精妙布置,因此有必要详加剖析。

[SPOILER +/-] 诡计赏析

凶手的手法不止是一条诡计,而是很多条诡计的组合。他的目的很简单,就是要让自己有不在场证明。为了达到这个目的,他完成了一系列的步骤。Brand非常公平地为每一个步骤留下了线索。我们现在按照时间顺序来仔细分析一下凶手的行动:
  1. 打电话把Earl Anderson约出来。线索:Fran看到的雨衣人。
  2. 杀死Earl并切头。线索:Perpetua收到Earl的人头。
  3. 把人头装进盔甲里。线索:凶手穿雨衣隐藏人头。
  4. 把空盔甲系在马上。线索:两根绳圈。
  5. 把Perpetua关起来。线索:Perpetua看到身穿白斗篷的人,并且听到Brian的声音。
  6. 上楼掐死Isabel。线索:验尸结果。
  7. 把Isabel的尸体扔下阳台,使自己的马受惊跑回后台。线索:模仿杀人。
  8. 回到后台换上盔甲。线索:白骑士的马跑回后台,其余骑士惊呆在舞台上。
  9. 回到舞台,把从马上解下来的绳圈系在Isabel身上。线索:Brian为Isabel的尸体盖上斗篷。
整个行动没有一点多余,也没有一点遗漏。如果非要鸡蛋里挑骨头,作者没有解释凶手杀完人回到后台,如何处理Earl的人头。这不是很大的问题,比方说藏在盔甲里就好了。另一个比较大的问题是,如果凶手扔下尸体以后,马没有回到后台,那他该怎么办。那样的话,大家只要看到空铠甲,马上就能判断出凶手是白骑士,而且凶手将没有任何机会弥补。当然,这是侦探小说,没必要苛求作者,可以假定凶手都是完全犯罪艺术家(笑)。

本书的核心诡计当然是那个人头的利用。我认为这个诡计最强悍的地方还不在于它的变态性(虽然它确实很变态),而在于读者根本想不到作者用了无头尸诡计。这要归功于作者费心的布局和误导,主要有以下两点:
  1. 作者用了绝大部分的篇幅去尝试解决密室,所以读者的兴奋点都在密室上面,人头反而忽略了,这是很高级的误导技巧。可能有读者会觉得本作中的无头尸没有Heads You Lose里那么血腥震颤,甚至有些一笔带过,这其实是作者有意为之,不是弱点。
  2. 铠甲武士的设定。作者反复强调一旦穿上铠甲就辨不出里面的人,所以读者的注意力都在猜测谁是红骑士。殊不知铠甲在本书中的主要功能不是隐藏里面的人,而是能够露出眼睛!
通过这个例子我们看到,一部成功的侦探小说光靠诡计是不够的,一定要有强大的误导做保障。

赏析完诡计,我们从侦探小说的几个要素来看看本书的优胜处:
  1. 诡计。这个前面讨论过了。我一向认为诡计的最高境界不是“想不出凶手用了什么诡计”,而是“想不到这里居然还有诡计!”作者成功地达成了这一点。
  2. 布局。本书的布局非常有条不紊。所有的线索都交待给读者,但并不是一下子全都交待出来,而是先交待一部分,试探性地提出解答,然后再交待新线索推翻原来的解答,如此往复,最终达成了一案六破的惊人效果。这种“层层剥茧、多重解答”的叙述手法也是Carr和Queen经常采用的。
  3. 气氛。本书的气氛渲染相当成功。铠甲骑士和Jezebel本身就具有传说色彩,作为模仿杀人的素材再好不过。Brand身为女性作家把人物的恐惧心理刻画得入木三分。
  4. 人物形象。最成功的应该是Isabel,其骄横性格一览无余,可惜很早就死掉了。凶手具有双面性格,最后的自杀悲剧性十足。
最后,读者可能会感叹,Christianna Brand身为英国女作家,为什么能想出日本男作家中都罕见的变态诡计?这一点非其本人当然无法给出明确答案,但我猜测这跟她悲惨的童年经历和异常丰富的社会履历有关。Brand自幼丧母,和父亲在马来和印度讨生活,十七岁就开始打工挣钱,在成为专职作家之前,做过婴儿看护、商业种植、房屋装饰、服装打包、工艺品展示、女子俱乐部运营、夜总会小姐、职业舞者、秘书等诸多工作 [Christianna Brand, What Dread Hand头版护封封底说明],有过这么多的生活历练,头脑比一般的家庭主妇复杂也就不奇怪了。

28 comments:

Anonymous said...

这是我看的第一本Brand,看完惊为天人……
不过还是想与fang哥探讨一个问题:那就是,仅从杀人角度考虑,凶手做了这么多繁复的设置(Carr很少有这种精巧型密室的),是否有些“为诡计而诡计”的嫌疑?
不过这当然丝毫无损这本书的强大。

Fang Wu said...

首先我想说的是凶手的准备工作虽然比较细,但也不是特别繁复。跟日本作家自然不用比了,跟Carr比较繁复的作品相比也是小巫见大巫。(Carr最繁复的作品当数Death Watch,比本作繁复n倍。)即使在Brand自己的作品当中,也不是最繁复的,最繁复的无疑是Tour de Force

至于你说的“为诡计而诡计”,我理解这句话的意思是说作者为了让诡计成立,不惜围绕诡计设计出整体环境,一切为诡计服务。这个评价显然不适用于本作。就拿核心诡计来说,在我分析的凶手的9步行动中,只有前3条是与核心诡计相关的。如果去掉这个核心诡计,省去凶手的前3个步骤,其余的诡计还是可以成立(当然会弱化很多)。换言之,核心诡计不是必须的。既然不是必须的,就不能说是“为诡计而诡计”。

不知道我是不是正确地理解了你的问题。以上只是我的个人想法。

Anonymous said...

嗯繁复这个词我的确用的不好,不过我没多考虑就用这个词也是因为这个(密室的)诡计很罕见的很难用一句话说清楚。
关于“为诡计而诡计”,看来是我之前的理解有些偏差,接受你的观点。不过我之前说的意思,主要是觉得,凶手制造这个密室的目的,可以说是为了自己的不在场证明,完成自己不可能犯罪的假象。从密室存在的几种理由上看,这种虽然合理但还是有些薄弱了。
另外我怎么觉得London Particular比Tour de Force繁复呢。不过也许是因为Tour de Force的整体布置被我基本上识破了的缘故,总之看你到时候对这两部作品的分析了。

Fang Wu said...

凶手的主要目的是搞出不在场证明,至于密室,并不是凶手的重点(尽管有密室更好,不然外人可以进入后台阻碍凶手的行动)。我猜你是先在某个密室书单上看到了这本书,一上来就把它当成密室来读,所以到最后有点失望?其实不把它当密室,就当成一般的侦探小说去欣赏反而更好,因为密室在本书当中的比重并不是特别高。

另外关于Tour de Force,凶手花了一个多小时的时间布置现场,而London Particular里面的凶手只是灵机一动,这是为什么我说Tour de Force的诡计更加繁复。

Anonymous said...

其实我到现在还是把他当成密室,也没用失望……
前几天重新翻了下,关于密室部分的确不是凶手刻意形成了,而是为了自己的不在场证明不被干扰才在无意识下形成的(我的理解)
这本书,最早是在Locked Room Library的前言部分看到有提到的

Anonymous said...

Fang哥,今天刚刚重读完这本书,然后看了你的赏析,深深感到本作的强大~不过你的文中有个小小的笔误,Brian在盔甲里面,你写的是放了Edgar的人头,应该是Earl哦~
best
James

Anonymous said...

Btw,我认为本书最大的问题倒不是马会不会跑回后台,如果马经过训练,那么完全有可能,最大的问题在于藏了人头的盔甲,一般来说,无论是骑马,还是骑在马马背上原地不动,通常骑马的人会拽着缰绳,所以骑马人的一动不动基本是不可能的,尤其是胳膊的部位,Cockrill坐在前排,连盔甲里的眼睛颜色都看得清楚,他应该能发现盔甲不正常的,只是自己的想法而已,呵呵

Fang Wu said...

James: 谢谢指正,已经改过来了。

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For all you ska people out there I recommend The Enough Fanzine. It is one of the first punk fanzines on the web.

They have throusands of interviews from the most popular bands all over the world. Check them out online: [url=http://www.enoughfanzine.com]Enough Fanzine[/url]. Best of it all, they are 100% non-profit and just helping the scene!

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